Half-Life Calculator: When Do You Reach Steady State?

Short answer: with regular dosing, levels reach steady state after about 4 to 5 half-lives, whatever the dose: 50% after 1 half-life, 90% after 3.3 and 97% after 5. Testosterone cypionate (half-life about 8 days) takes about 40 days (~5.7 weeks); tirzepatide (about 5 days) about 25 days (~3.6 weeks). Shorter intervals give a smaller peak-to-trough swing.

Reviewed · Runs in your browser · Same model as the Dose Track app

mg
Estimated Testosterone Cypionate level, 100 mg weekly vs 50 mg twice weeklyModeled amount in system over 12 weeks. Half-life 8 days. Steady state after about 40 days (~5.7 weeks).050100150200250wk 0wk 1wk 2wk 3wk 4wk 5wk 6wk 7wk 8wk 9wk 10wk 11wk 12Est. amount in system (mg)≈ steady state (5 half-lives)100 mg weekly50 mg twice weekly
Steady state (5 half-lives, ~97%)40 days (~5.7 weeks)
50% of steady state8 days
90% of steady state27 days (~3.8 weeks)
Peak : trough (weekly)1.79 : 1
Steady-state peak / trough (weekly)227.2 mg / 127.2 mg
Peak : trough (twice weekly)1.33 : 1
Steady-state peak / trough (twice weekly)199.7 mg / 149.7 mg

Counted like the app does for oil injections into muscle: what is still in the injection depot plus what is in blood, so the modeled total is highest right after each shot. The comparison line uses the same total per week, split differently.

Testosterone Cypionate: half-life, peak and steady state, with sources

Runs entirely in your browser; nothing you enter is sent anywhere. Modeled estimates, not measured levels, and not medical advice.

What are the half-lives and times to steady state?

Each compound below has a half-life we checked against its FDA label or a published human study. Steady state is 5 half-lives of regular dosing. Click through for a chart, a peak-to-trough table and the sources.

Half-life, time to peak and time to steady state, from the Dose Track app's built-in values that match a published source.
CompoundHalf-lifeTime to peakSteady state after
Semaglutide7 days2 days5 weeks
Tirzepatide5 days36 hours3.6 weeks
Retatrutide6 daysnot confirmed4.3 weeks
Cagrilintide7 daysnot confirmed5 weeks
Dulaglutide5 days2 days3.6 weeks
Liraglutide13 hours10 hours2.7 days
Testosterone Cypionate8 daysnot confirmed5.7 weeks
Testosterone Propionate20 hoursnot confirmed4.2 days
hCG29 hours20 hours6 days
Anastrozole2 days2 hours10 days
Exemestane24 hours2 hours5 days
HGH3.5 hours3.5 hours18 hours
Tesamorelin8 minutes9 minutes39 minutes
Ipamorelin2 hoursnot confirmed10 hours
CJC-1295 with DAC8 daysnot confirmed5.7 weeks
Thymosin Alpha-12 hours2 hours10 hours

What is steady state, and why does it take 5 half-lives?

Steady state is the point where each dose replaces what the body cleared since the last one, so the curve repeats the same peak and trough every interval. With dosing at a fixed amount and interval, each half-life closes half of the remaining gap: 50% after one half-life, 75% after two, 90% after about 3.3 and 97% after five. The dose changes how high steady state is, not how long it takes to get there.

Weekly vs twice-weekly: how do levels compare?

Splitting the same weekly amount into more frequent doses keeps the average the same and narrows the swing. For testosterone cypionate at 100 mg per week, Dose Track's model gives a steady-state peak-to-trough ratio of about 1.33:1 twice weekly, 1.79:1 weekly and 3.23:1 every 2 weeks. A drug with a long half-life compared with its interval, like a weekly GLP-1, swings less to begin with.

How does the calculator work?

It uses the same one-compartment model with first-order absorption as the Dose Track app:

  1. Rates from half-life and time to peak. k = ln 2 / half-life. The second rate is solved so the curve peaks at the time to peak: Tmax = ln(kₐ/kₑ) / (kₐ − kₑ). With no time to peak, one third of the half-life is used.
  2. One dose. A(t) = F·D · kₐ/(kₐ − kₑ) · (e−kₑt − e−kₐt), where F is bioavailability and D the dose.
  3. Oil injections into muscle. Absorption from the depot is the slow step (kₐ = ln 2 / half-life), and the amount still in the depot, F·D·e−kₐt, counts as in the system.
  4. Repeated doses. Every dose's curve is added up. At steady state the build-up is 1 / (1 − e−k·τ) for interval τ.
  5. Time to a share of steady state. t = −ln(1 − share) / ln 2 × half-life.

The model uses a 70 kg reference body, as the app does when no weight is entered. Units are the estimated amount in the system, in the compound's dose unit.

Frequently asked questions

How do you calculate time to steady state from a half-life?+
Multiply the half-life by 4 to 5. With regular dosing, levels close half of the remaining gap to steady state every half-life: about 50% after 1, 90% after 3.3 and 97% after 5. Dose Track uses 5 half-lives. For a drug with a 5-day half-life that is about 25 days.
When does testosterone cypionate reach steady state?+
After about 40 days (~5.7 weeks) of regular injections, using the roughly 8-day half-life on the Depo-Testosterone label. The amount and schedule change how high and how even levels are, not how long the climb takes.
Are twice-weekly testosterone injections steadier than weekly?+
In Dose Track's model, yes. With the same 100 mg per week, the peak-to-trough ratio at steady state is about 1.33:1 twice weekly, 1.79:1 weekly and 3.23:1 every 2 weeks. The weekly average is the same. Which schedule to use is a decision for you and your prescriber.
When does tirzepatide reach steady state?+
After about 25 days (~3.6 weeks) of weekly dosing, based on the roughly 5-day half-life on the Mounjaro label. Each dose increase starts a new climb, so levels settle about 4 weeks after each step.
What is a peak-to-trough ratio?+
The highest level after a dose divided by the lowest level just before the next one, once levels are at steady state. A ratio near 1 means steady levels. It grows as the time between doses gets longer compared with the half-life.
Is this half-life calculator accurate for me?+
It is a model, not a measurement. It uses published half-lives and the same one-compartment model as the Dose Track app, but real levels vary with weight, injection site, kidney and liver function and more. Only a lab test measures your level. It is not medical advice.
Does this calculator send my data anywhere?+
No. It runs entirely in your browser and makes no network requests. The Dose Track app does the same modeling from the doses you actually log, and keeps that data on your phone.

These are modeled estimates from published half-lives, drawn with the same one-compartment model as the Dose Track app. Real levels vary from person to person, and only a lab test measures them. This is not medical advice and not a dosing recommendation; dosing decisions belong with you and your prescriber.

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