Blog — Peptide Math, GLP-1 & TRT Guides

Blog

Pharmacokinetics · Peptide math · TRT · GLP-1 protocols — every claim cited.

[Tool · Peptide math]

Peptide Reconstitution Calculator

Interactive. Enter your vial size and the dose you want per injection — it returns the exact bacteriostatic water volume to add, the concentration, and the units to draw. Includes a reference chart for common vial sizes.

· Free tool
[Research news · Weekly]

Research News: Weekly Roundups

Short, sourced summaries of new studies, trial results and regulatory news on GLP-1s, hormones and peptides, from the daily posts in the Dose Track community. Grouped by week.

Updated weekly
[GLP-1 · Side effects]

GLP-1 Side Effects Week by Week: What the Data Says About Timing

What the FDA labels and STEP/SURMOUNT trials say about when GLP-1 side effects happen: first dose, each step-up, maintenance, with nausea rates and quit rates.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Side effects]

Nausea on Semaglutide and Tirzepatide: What the Labels Say

Nausea on Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro and Zepbound: label rates by dose, when it happens, the fluid and kidney warning, holding a dose increase, and when to call.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Body composition]

GLP-1s and Muscle Loss: How Much of the Weight Lost Is Lean Mass?

About a quarter of weight lost on tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 scans was lean mass, the same share as placebo. What DXA measures, STEP 1 data, and guidance on protein and strength.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Weight loss]

Why Weight Loss on GLP-1s Levels Off: What STEP 1 and SURMOUNT-1 Show

In STEP 1 and SURMOUNT-1, weight curves flattened around weeks 60 to 72. How dose moves the plateau, what the labels say about maintenance doses, and why the body pushes back.

· 9 min read
[GLP-1 · Clinical trials]

Retatrutide Phase 2 Results Explained: Doses, Weight Loss and Side Effects

Inside the retatrutide phase 2 trials: every dose arm, weight at 24 and 48 weeks, how a 2 mg start cut nausea, heart rate, the diabetes trial, and phase 3 so far.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Clinical trials]

CagriSema Trial Results: REDEFINE 1, REDEFINE 2 and What Amylin Adds

Every published CagriSema trial: phase 2 in diabetes, REDEFINE 1, 2 and 5, what amylin does in plain words, side effects, and where the FDA filing stands.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Clinical trials]

Orforglipron (Foundayo) Trial Results: What ACHIEVE and ATTAIN Found

What 8 orforglipron trials found: -11.2% weight in ATTAIN-1, A1C wins over oral semaglutide and dapagliflozin, more side-effect stops, and how the pill differs from Rybelsus.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Safety]

The GLP-1 Thyroid Cancer Boxed Warning: What the Label Says and What Human Studies Show

The rodent findings behind the GLP-1 thyroid boxed warning, the label advice on symptoms and calcitonin, and what French, Scandinavian and pooled-trial data show.

· 9 min read
[GLP-1 · Stopping]

What Happens When You Stop a GLP-1? Weight Regain in the Trials

What STEP 1, STEP 4 and SURMOUNT-4 found when people stopped semaglutide or tirzepatide: weight regained within a year, blood pressure and HbA1c rising again, and clearance times.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Alcohol]

GLP-1s and Alcohol: What the Labels Say and What the Trials Found

The four GLP-1 labels are silent on drinking. Early trials of semaglutide and exenatide in alcohol use disorder had mixed results, and no GLP-1 is approved to treat it.

· 9 min read
[GLP-1 · Birth control]

Mounjaro, Zepbound and Birth Control Pills: The 4-Week Backup Rule Explained

Mounjaro and Zepbound can make the pill less reliable. The 4-week backup rule, the study numbers, pregnancy and breastfeeding advice, and how Ozempic and Wegovy differ.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Safety]

GLP-1 Drugs Before Surgery, Endoscopy and Anesthesia: Labels and Guidance

All four GLP-1 labels warn about aspiration under anesthesia. The exact wording, ASA 2023 one-week hold, the 2024 multi-society update, and what to tell your care team.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Safety]

Compounded Semaglutide Dosing Errors: What the FDA Found

FDA reports of 5x to 20x overdoses with compounded semaglutide, the mg vs mL vs units mix-up behind them, the 2024-2025 shortage end dates, and a check before each dose.

· 10 min read
[GLP-1 · Side effects]

GLP-1 Hair Loss: What the Wegovy and Zepbound Trials Show

Hair loss rates from the Wegovy and Zepbound labels by dose and by sex, what telogen effluvium is and when it starts, and when hair loss on a GLP-1 needs a doctor.

· 9 min read
[GLP-1 · Dosing]

Ozempic vs Wegovy: How the Doses, Pens and Rules Differ

Same drug, different labels. Ozempic tops out at 2 mg, Wegovy at 2.4 mg or 7.2 mg. Dose steps, pens, missed-dose rules, approved uses and trials compared.

· 12 min read
[GLP-1 · Tracking]

How to Track GLP-1 Doses and Side Effects: What to Log and Why

What to log on a GLP-1 and why: dose time, mg, site, pen open date and lot, side effects with severity, skipped doses and weight, tied to the label rules.

· 10 min read
[Peptides · Evidence]

BPC-157 in Humans: What the Evidence Actually Shows

Every published BPC-157 study in people: three small pilots and one trial abstract. What each found, what FDA told its advisers in July 2026, and the gaps.

· 6 min read
[Peptides · Evidence]

TB-500 vs Thymosin Beta-4: What the Human Evidence Shows

TB-500 is a 7-amino-acid fragment, not thymosin beta-4. What the Tβ4 eye and wound trials found, why FDA found no TB-500 human data, and its WADA status.

· 5 min read
[Regulation · Compounding]

The FDA's 2026 Peptide Compounding Decisions, Explained

Plain-words guide to the 503A bulks list, FDA's categories 1, 2 and 3, the withdrawn peptide nominations, and the July 2026 advisory meeting on seven peptides.

· 6 min read
[Regulation · Plain words]

What "Research Use Only" Actually Means on a Peptide Vial

Why a research use only or not for human consumption label does not make an injectable peptide legal, what FDA warning letters say, and what it means.

· 5 min read
[Quality · How-to]

How to Read a Peptide Certificate of Analysis (COA)

How to read a peptide certificate of analysis: HPLC purity, mass spec identity, peptide content, endotoxin, sterility, and the red flags FDA points to.

· 6 min read
[TRT · Bloodwork]

Hematocrit on TRT: When to Test and What the Numbers Mean

Why testosterone raises hematocrit, the Endocrine Society's 54% line and test schedule, the Xyosted label numbers, and how injection type relates to red cells.

· 5 min read
[TRT · Injections]

Subcutaneous vs Intramuscular Testosterone: What the Studies Show

SC vs IM testosterone: what the labels allow, and what the Xyosted trials and comparison studies found on levels, hematocrit, estradiol and pain.

· 5 min read
[TRT · Fertility]

hCG on TRT for Fertility: What the Guidelines and Studies Say

Why TRT suppresses sperm, what the Endocrine Society says on fertility, the hCG co-treatment study, how long recovery takes after stopping, and the hCG label.

· 5 min read
[TRT alternatives · Evidence]

Enclomiphene vs Clomiphene for Men: What the Evidence Says

Enclomiphene is one of two isomers in clomiphene. What trials found on testosterone, LH, FSH and sperm, what the Clomid label says, and its 2026 FDA status.

· 5 min read
[TRT · Bloodwork]

PSA and Prostate Monitoring on TRT

PSA on testosterone: the Endocrine Society's 1.4 and 4.0 ng/mL referral rules, when to test, what the labels warn, and the TRAVERSE prostate safety results.

· 5 min read
[Peptides · Evidence]

Growth Hormone Secretagogues: What the Human Evidence Shows for Ipamorelin, CJC-1295 and Tesamorelin

How GH secretagogues work, what human studies of CJC-1295, ipamorelin and tesamorelin found, what the Egrifta label says, and FDA and WADA status in 2026.

· 5 min read
[Wellness injections · Evidence]

NAD+ Injections and IV Drips: What the Evidence Actually Shows

What NAD+ is, the only published human study of an NAD+ IV infusion, what oral precursor trials found, the FDA compounding status in 2026, and what is unknown.

· 5 min read
[Peptides · Evidence]

SS-31 (Elamipretide): What the FDA Approval and Trials Actually Show

SS-31 is elamipretide, approved in 2025 as Forzinity for Barth syndrome under accelerated approval. What its trials found, what failed, and the wellness gap.

· 5 min read
[How-to · Syringes]

How to Read an Insulin Syringe for Peptides

How to read U-100 insulin syringe markings on 0.3, 0.5 and 1 mL barrels, units vs mL vs mg, worked examples, and why tiny volumes are harder to measure.

· 5 min read
[How-to · Inventory]

How to Plan Peptide Vial Inventory So You Never Run Out

How many doses a vial really gives, why the discard date can end a vial before it is empty, counting syringes and water, and setting an order-by date.

· 5 min read
[How-to · Tracking]

How to Track a Peptide Stack: What to Log, and Why It Matters

A practical method for tracking several peptides at once: what to log per shot, naming vials, blends vs separate shots, one change at a time, and labs.

· 5 min read
[GLP-1]

How Long Does Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) Stay in Your System?

Tirzepatide half-life is about 5 days. What the Zepbound label says about peak time, steady state, missed doses and how long it takes to wear off after the last shot.

· 6 min read
[GLP-1]

How Long Do Saxenda, Wegovy, Victoza and Trulicity Stay in Your System?

Saxenda clears in days, Trulicity in weeks, Wegovy in 5 to 7 weeks. Half-life, peak time and missed-dose rules for each, straight from the FDA labels.

· 6 min read
[TRT · Tracking]

TRT Symptom Tracker: What to Log and How to Track Injections and Symptoms

What to log on TRT besides the shot itself: symptoms, lab timing and cycle day. Based on Endocrine Society monitoring guidance, plus how Dose Track keeps it in one place.

· 6 min read
[GLP-1 · Comparison]

Ozempic vs Mounjaro: Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide Compared (2026)

Head-to-head: half-life, weight loss in SURMOUNT-1 vs STEP-1 vs the SURMOUNT-5 head-to-head, side effects, dosing schedules, and 2026 cost. Cited from FDA labels and NEJM trials.

· 9 min read
[TRT · Bloodwork]

Estradiol (E2) on TRT: Symptoms, Testing, and Anastrozole Use

Why sensitive E2 (LC-MS/MS) is the right assay, the typical 20–40 pg/mL target, what high and low E2 actually feel like, and the cautious case for and against anastrozole on TRT.

· 9 min read
[Peptide · Pharmacology]

BPC-157: Dosage, Reconstitution, Pharmacology & 2026 Regulatory Status

Pentadecapeptide structure, acetate vs arginate salt forms, reconstitution math in insulin-syringe units, the real human evidence base, and the moving 2026 regulatory picture (HHS, FDA PCAC, WADA).

· 9 min read
[GLP-1 · Evidence]

GLP-1 Microdosing: What the Pharmacology and Trials Actually Show

An honest look at low-dose semaglutide and tirzepatide — what the trial data does and doesn't say, what the pharmacology supports, and the open questions that aren't yet answered.

· 8 min read
[Injection technique]

Injection Site Rotation: Why It Matters and How to Map It

Lipohypertrophy, scar tissue, and absorption drift — what happens when you keep hitting the same site, and a rotation map for SC and IM injections across TRT, GLP-1, and peptides.

· 8 min read
[Bloodwork]

Bloodwork 101: Total Testosterone vs Free Testosterone vs SHBG

Why a "normal" total testosterone result can still mean low free T, how SHBG distorts the picture, and the Vermeulen calculation your lab probably isn't running for you.

· 8 min read
[TRT]

TRT Steady State: When Do Testosterone Levels Stabilize?

Why testosterone cypionate takes 4–5 weeks to reach steady state, what your bloodwork actually shows after one shot, and how to time labs for an accurate trough.

· 8 min read
[GLP-1]

How Long Does Ozempic Stay in Your System? Semaglutide Half-Life Explained

Semaglutide has a 7-day half-life — meaning measurable plasma concentration weeks after stopping. What that means for missed doses, breaks, and switching protocols.

· 8 min read
[Peptide math]

How to Calculate Peptide Reconstitution: Insulin Syringe Units Explained

A clinician-grade walkthrough of the BAC water → mg/mL → insulin units math, with worked examples for BPC-157, Ipamorelin, HGH, and CJC-1295.

· 8 min read

More guides coming. Have a topic request? hello@dosetrack.app