Hypothyroidism: Underactive Thyroid in Plain Words
[Glossary · How doses act in the body]

Hypothyroidism

Also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid · Reviewed

Definition: Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid, is when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone for the body's needs, NIDDK says. Many body functions slow down. The NCI dictionary lists weight gain, constipation, dry skin and feeling cold as symptoms. NIDDK says nearly 5 in 100 Americans aged 12 and older have it, most of them mildly.

What the Synthroid label says

  • Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is approved as replacement therapy for hypothyroidism from any cause.
  • It is taken once a day on an empty stomach, one-half to one hour before breakfast, and at least 4 hours apart from iron, calcium and antacids.
  • The dose is adjusted in 12.5 to 25 mcg steps every 4 to 6 weeks based on TSH or free T4.
  • Its boxed warning says thyroid hormones should not be used to treat obesity or for weight loss.

On growth hormone labels

The Genotropin label says untreated hypothyroidism can blunt the response to growth hormone, and that central hypothyroidism (from the pituitary) may appear or worsen during treatment, so thyroid tests are done periodically. Other somatropin labels on this site, such as Norditropin and Skytrofa, also list hypothyroidism among the reactions seen in their trials or after approval.

NIDDK says women are much more likely than men to develop hypothyroidism, and that it is more common after age 60 and in people who had an earlier thyroid problem, thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine.

Why it matters for your log

Thyroid doses change in small steps weeks apart, and absorption depends on timing around food and supplements. Logging the time of each dose and each TSH result with its date shows whether a change in levels follows a dose step or a change in routine.

Read more on Dose Track: Calcium and iron with levothyroxine · Estrogen and thyroid medicine · Levothyroxine guide · Synthroid side effects

General education drawn from labels and published studies, not personal medical advice. Your prescriber, pharmacist and the label that came with your product are the final word.

Frequently asked questions

When is levothyroxine taken?+
The Synthroid label says once a day on an empty stomach, one-half to one hour before breakfast, and at least 4 hours apart from iron, calcium and antacids.
Can thyroid medicine be used for weight loss?+
No. The Synthroid boxed warning says thyroid hormones should not be used to treat obesity or for weight loss.